Genetic variation in resin yield and covariation with tree growth in maritime pine

The potential of pine resin as a renewable non-timber product is furthering the socioeconomic relevance industry in Europe, where maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.) main tapped species. Characterizing genetic resources terms yield and its covariation with tree growth crucial to implement efficient breeding programs aiming maximize without negatively impact growth. We explored variation among provenance regions, populations within families pine. used progeny trial located at Central Spain estimate additive heritability yield, common garden Northwest explore regions regions. Resin was assessed both trials sulphuric-based stimulant paste. Association between different levels (phenotypes, families, regions) also explored. Growth were highly variable populations, narrow-sense estimates being particularly high for (hi2 = 0.49). varied significantly across while only Genetic similar trees did not find evidence correlations yield. However, phenotype level correlated, although sign such association switched trials. Across correlated. Altogether, estimate, consistent lack negative correlation opportunity implementing increase forests.